There are two processed schema files:

 - processed-schema-examples.yaml

    Used for 'make dt_binding_check'. This is always a full schema.

 - processed-schema.yaml

    Used for 'make dtbs_check'. This may be a full schema, or a smaller
    subset if DT_SCHEMA_FILES is given by a user.

If DT_SCHEMA_FILES is not specified, they are the same. You can copy
the former to the latter instead of running dt-mk-schema twice. This
saves the cpu time a lot when you do 'make dt_binding_check dtbs_check'
because building the full schema takes a couple of seconds.

If DT_SCHEMA_FILES is specified, processed-schema.yaml is generated
based on the specified yaml files.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200625170434.635114-4-masahiroy@kernel.org


Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>

Sync with upstream dtc primarily to pickup the I2C bus check fixes. The
interrupt_provider check is noisy, so turn it off for now.

This adds the following commits from upstream:

9d7888cbf19c dtc: Consider one-character strings as strings
8259d59f59de checks: Improve i2c reg property checking
fdabcf2980a4 checks: Remove warning for I2C_OWN_SLAVE_ADDRESS
2478b1652c8d libfdt: add extern "C" for C++
f68bfc2668b2 libfdt: trivial typo fix
7be250b4d059 libfdt: Correct condition for reordering blocks
81e0919a3e21 checks: Add interrupt provider test
85e5d839847a Makefile: when building libfdt only, do not add unneeded deps
b28464a550c5 Fix some potential unaligned accesses in dtc

Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>

Redefine GZIP, BZIP2, LZOP variables as KGZIP, KBZIP2, KLZOP resp.
GZIP, BZIP2, LZOP env variables are reserved by the tools. The original
attempt to redefine them internally doesn't work in makefiles/scripts
intercall scenarios, e.g., "make GZIP=gzip bindeb-pkg" and results in
broken builds. There can be other broken build commands because of this,
so the universal solution is to use non-reserved env variables for the
compression tools.

Fixes: 8dfb61dc ("kbuild: add variables for compression tools")
Signed-off-by: Denis Efremov <efremov@linux.com>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

Allow user to use alternative implementations of compression tools,
such as pigz, pbzip2, pxz. For example, multi-threaded tools to
speed up the build:
$ make GZIP=pigz BZIP2=pbzip2

Variables _GZIP, _BZIP2, _LZOP are used internally because original env
vars are reserved by the tools. The use of GZIP in gzip tool is obsolete
since 2015. However, alternative implementations (e.g., pigz) still rely
on it. BZIP2, BZIP, LZOP vars are not obsolescent.

The credit goes to @grsecurity.

As a sidenote, for multi-threaded lzma, xz compression one can use:
$ export XZ_OPT="--threads=0"

Signed-off-by: Denis Efremov <efremov@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

Make modules.order depend on $(obj-m), and use if_changed to build it.
This will avoid unneeded update of modules.order, which will be useful
to optimize the modpost stage.

Currently, the second pass of modpost is always invoked. By checking the
timestamp of modules.order, we can avoid the unneeded modpost.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

Remove the unneeded variables, __subdir-y and __subdir-m.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

built-in.a contains the built-in object paths from the current and sub
directories.

module.order collects the module paths from the current and sub
directories.

Make their build rules look more symmetrical.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

Save $(addprefix ...) for subdir-obj-y.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

always, hostprogs-y, and hostprogs-m are deprecated.

There is no user in upstream code, but I will keep them for external
modules. I want to remove them entirely someday. Prompt downstream
users for the migration.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

cmd_dtc takes the additional parameter $(2) to select the target
format, dtb or yaml. This makes things complicated when it is used
with cmd_and_fixdep and if_changed_rule. I actually stumbled on this.
See commit 3d4b2238 ("kbuild: fix DT binding schema rule again to
avoid needless rebuilds").

Extract the suffix part of the target instead of passing the parameter.
Fortunately, this works for both $(obj)/%.dtb and $(obj)/%.dt.yaml .

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

This omits system headers from the generated header dependency.

System headers are not updated unless you upgrade the compiler. Nor do
they contain CONFIG options, so fixdep does not need to parse them.

Having said that, the effect of this optimization will be quite small
because the kernel code generally does not include system headers
except <stdarg.h>. Host programs include a lot of system headers,
but there are not so many in the kernel tree.

At first, keeping system headers in .*.cmd files might be useful to
detect the compiler update, but there is no guarantee that <stdarg.h>
is included from every file. So, I implemented a more reliable way in
the previous commit.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

Since commit 7a049605 ("kbuild: fix DT binding schema rule to detect
command line changes"), this rule is every time re-run even if you change
nothing.

cmd_dtc takes one additional parameter to pass to the -O option of dtc.

We need to pass 'yaml' to if_changed_rule. Otherwise, cmd-check invoked
from if_changed_rule is false positive.

Fixes: 7a049605 ("kbuild: fix DT binding schema rule to detect command line changes")
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

Most folks only run dt_binding_check on the single schema they care about
by setting DT_SCHEMA_FILES. That means example is only checked against
that one schema which is not always sufficient.

Let's address this by splitting processed-schema.yaml into 2 files: one
that's always all schemas for the examples and one that's just the schema
in DT_SCHEMA_FILES for dtbs.

Co-developed-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

This trailing semicolon is unneeded.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>

This if_change_rule is not working properly; it cannot detect any
command line change.

The reason is because cmd-check in scripts/Kbuild.include compares
$(cmd_$@) and $(cmd_$1), but cmd_dtc_dt_yaml does not exist here.

For if_change_rule to work properly, the stem part of cmd_* and rule_*
must match. Because this cmd_and_fixdep invokes cmd_dtc, this rule must
be named rule_dtc.

Fixes: 4f0e3a57 ("kbuild: Add support for DT binding schema checks")
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>

In old days, the "host-progs" syntax was used for specifying host
programs. It was renamed to the current "hostprogs-y" in 2004.

It is typically useful in scripts/Makefile because it allows Kbuild to
selectively compile host programs based on the kernel configuration.

This commit renames like follows:

  always       ->  always-y
  hostprogs-y  ->  hostprogs

So, scripts/Makefile will look like this:

  always-$(CONFIG_BUILD_BIN2C) += ...
  always-$(CONFIG_KALLSYMS)    += ...
      ...
  hostprogs := $(always-y) $(always-m)

I think this makes more sense because a host program is always a host
program, irrespective of the kernel configuration. We want to specify
which ones to compile by CONFIG options, so always-y will be handier.

The "always", "hostprogs-y", "hostprogs-m" will be kept for backward
compatibility for a while.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

When compiling, Kbuild passes KBUILD_BASENAME (basename of the object)
and KBUILD_MODNAME (basename of the module).

This commit adds another one, KBUILD_MODFILE, which is the path of
the module. (or, the path of the module it would end up in if it were
compiled as a module.)

The next commit will use this to generate modules.builtin without
tristate.conf.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

Make $(squote)$(quote)...$(quote)$(squote) a helper macro.
I will reuse it in the next commit.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

Both 'obj-y += foo/' and 'obj-m += foo/' request Kbuild to visit the
sub-directory foo/, but the difference is that only the former combines
foo/built-in.a into the built-in.a of the current directory because
everything in sub-directories visited by obj-m is supposed to be modular.

So, it makes sense to create built-in.a only if that sub-directory is
reachable by the chain of obj-y. Otherwise, built-in.a will not be
linked into vmlinux anyway. For the same reason, it is pointless to
compile obj-y objects in the directory visited by obj-m.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer (KCSAN) is a dynamic data-race detector for
kernel space. KCSAN is a sampling watchpoint-based data-race detector.
See the included Documentation/dev-tools/kcsan.rst for more details.

This patch adds basic infrastructure, but does not yet enable KCSAN for
any architecture.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

There are both positive and negative options about this feature.
At first, I thought it was a good idea, but actually Linus stated a
negative opinion (https://lkml.org/lkml/2019/9/29/227

). I admit it
is ugly and annoying.

The baseline I'd like to keep is the compile-test of uapi headers.
(Otherwise, kernel developers have no way to ensure the correctness
of the exported headers.)

I will maintain a small build rule in usr/include/Makefile.
Remove the other header test functionality.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Commit 40df759e ("kbuild: Fix build with binutils <= 2.19")
introduced ar-option and KBUILD_ARFLAGS to deal with old binutils.

According to Documentation/process/changes.rst, the current minimal
supported version of binutils is 2.21 so you can assume the 'D' option
is always supported. Not only GNU ar but also llvm-ar supports it.

With the 'D' option hard-coded, there is no more user of ar-option
or KBUILD_ARFLAGS.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Tested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>

KBUILD_ENABLE_EXTRA_GCC_CHECKS started as a switch to add extra warning
options for GCC, but now it is a historical misnomer since we use it
also for Clang, DTC, and even kernel-doc.

Rename it to more sensible, shorter KBUILD_EXTRA_WARN.

For the backward compatibility, KBUILD_ENABLE_EXTRA_GCC_CHECKS is still
supported (but not advertised in the documentation).

I also fixed up 'make help', and updated the documentation.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>

Kbuild provides per-file compiler flag addition/removal:

  CFLAGS_<basetarget>.o
  CFLAGS_REMOVE_<basetarget>.o
  AFLAGS_<basetarget>.o
  AFLAGS_REMOVE_<basetarget>.o
  CPPFLAGS_<basetarget>.lds
  HOSTCFLAGS_<basetarget>.o
  HOSTCXXFLAGS_<basetarget>.o

The <basetarget> is the filename of the target with its directory and
suffix stripped.

This syntax comes into a trouble when two files with the same basename
appear in one Makefile, for example:

  obj-y += foo.o
  obj-y += dir/foo.o
  CFLAGS_foo.o := <some-flags>

Here, the <some-flags> applies to both foo.o and dir/foo.o

The real world problem is:

  scripts/kconfig/util.c
  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/util.c

Both files are compiled into scripts/kconfig/mconf, but only the
latter should be given with the ncurses flags.

It is more sensible to use the relative path to the Makefile, like this:

  obj-y += foo.o
  CFLAGS_foo.o := <some-flags>
  obj-y += dir/foo.o
  CFLAGS_dir/foo.o := <other-flags>

At first, I attempted to replace $(basetarget) with $*. The $* variable
is replaced with the stem ('%') part in a pattern rule. This works with
most of cases, but does not for explicit rules.

For example, arch/ia64/lib/Makefile reuses rule_as_o_S in its own
explicit rules, so $* will be empty, resulting in ignoring the per-file
AFLAGS.

I introduced a new variable, target-stem, which can be used also from
explicit rules.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>

CONFIG_SHELL falls back to sh when bash is not installed on the system,
but nobody is testing such a case since bash is usually installed.
So, shell scripts invoked by CONFIG_SHELL are only tested with bash.

It makes it difficult to test whether the hashbang #!/bin/sh is real.
For example, #!/bin/sh in arch/powerpc/kernel/prom_init_check.sh is
false. (I fixed it up)

Besides, some shell scripts invoked by CONFIG_SHELL use bash-extension
and #!/bin/bash is specified as the hashbang, while CONFIG_SHELL may
not always be set to bash.

Probably, the right thing to do is to introduce BASH, which is bash by
default, and always set CONFIG_SHELL to sh. Replace $(CONFIG_SHELL)
with $(BASH) for bash scripts.

If somebody tries to add bash-extension to a #!/bin/sh script, it will
be caught in testing because /bin/sh is a symlink to dash on some major
distributions.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Makefile.lib is included by Makefile.modfinal as well as Makefile.build.

Move modkern_cflags to Makefile.lib in order to simplify cmd_cc_o_c
in Makefile.modfinal. Move modkern_cflags as well for consistency.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Currently, Kbuild treats an object as multi-used when any of
$(foo-objs), $(foo-y), $(foo-m) is set. It makes more sense to
check $(foo-) as well.

In the context of foo-$(CONFIG_FOO_FEATURE1), CONFIG_FOO_FEATURE1
could be unset.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Flex and bison are used for kconfig, dtc, genksyms, all of which are
host programs. I never imagine the kernel embeds a parser or a lexer.

Move the flex and bison rules to scripts/Makefile.host. This file is
included only when hostprogs-y etc. is present in the Makefile in the
directory. So, parsing these rules are skipped in most of directories.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

We generally expect bison to create not only a C file, but also a
header, which will be included from the lexer.

Currently, Kbuild generates them in separate rules. So, for instance,
when building Kconfig, you will notice bison is invoked twice:

  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/conf.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/confdata.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/expr.o
  LEX     scripts/kconfig/lexer.lex.c
  YACC    scripts/kconfig/parser.tab.h
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lexer.lex.o
  YACC    scripts/kconfig/parser.tab.c
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/parser.tab.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/preprocess.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/symbol.o
  HOSTLD  scripts/kconfig/conf

Make handles such cases nicely in pattern rules [1]. Merge the two
rules so that one invokcation of bison can generate both of them.

  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/conf.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/confdata.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/expr.o
  LEX     scripts/kconfig/lexer.lex.c
  YACC    scripts/kconfig/parser.tab.[ch]
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lexer.lex.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/parser.tab.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/preprocess.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/symbol.o
  HOSTLD  scripts/kconfig/conf

[1] Pattern rule

GNU Make manual says:
"Pattern rules may have more than one target. Unlike normal rules,
this does not act as many different rules with the same prerequisites
and recipe. If a pattern rule has multiple targets, make knows that
the rule's recipe is responsible for making all of the targets. The
recipe is executed only once to make all the targets. When searching
for a pattern rule to match a target, the target patterns of a rule
other than the one that matches the target in need of a rule are
incidental: make worries only about giving a recipe and prerequisites
to the file presently in question. However, when this file's recipe is
run, the other targets are marked as having been updated themselves."

https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Pattern-Intro.html



Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

This is unused since commit 9f69a496 ("kbuild: split out *.mod out
of {single,multi}-used-m rules").

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

It will be useful to control the header-test by a tristate option.

If CONFIG_FOO is a tristate option, you can write like this:

  header-test-$(CONFIG_FOO) += foo.h

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

A missing compression utility or other errors were not picked up by make
and an empty kernel image was produced.  By removing the &&, errors will
no longer be ignored.

Signed-off-by: Harald Seiler <hws@denx.de>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Commit 25b146c5 ("kbuild: allow Kbuild to start from any directory")
deprecated KBUILD_SRCTREE.

It is only used in tools/testing/selftest/ to distinguish out-of-tree
build. Replace it with a new boolean flag, building_out_of_srctree.

I also replaced the conditional ($(srctree),.) because the next commit
will allow an absolute path to be used for $(srctree) even when building
in the source tree.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

In my view, most of headers can be self-contained. So, it would be
tedious to add every header to header-test-y explicitly. We usually
end up with "all headers with some exceptions".

There are two types in exceptions:

[1] headers that are never compiled as standalone units

  For examples, include/linux/compiler-gcc.h is not intended for
  direct inclusion. We should always exclude such ones.

[2] headers that are conditionally compiled as standalone units

  Some headers can be compiled only for particular architectures.
  For example, include/linux/arm-cci.h can be compiled only for
  arm/arm64 because it requires <asm/arm-cci.h> to exist.
  Clang can compile include/soc/nps/mtm.h only for arc because
  it contains an arch-specific register in inline assembler.

So, you can write Makefile like this:

  header-test-                += linux/compiler-gcc.h
  header-test-$(CONFIG_ARM)   += linux/arm-cci.h
  header-test-$(CONFIG_ARM64) += linux/arm-cci.h
  header-test-$(CONFIG_ARC)   += soc/nps/mtm.h

The new syntax header-test-pattern-y will be useful to specify
"the rest".

The typical usage is like this:

  header-test-pattern-y += */*.h

This will add all the headers in sub-directories to the test coverage,
excluding $(header-test-). In this regards, header-test-pattern-y
behaves like a weaker variant of header-test-y.

Caveat:
The patterns in header-test-pattern-y are prefixed with $(srctree)/$(src)/
but not $(objtree)/$(obj)/. Stale generated headers are often left over
when you traverse the git history without cleaning. Wildcard patterns for
$(objtree) may match to stale headers, which could fail to compile.
One pitfall is $(srctree)/$(src)/ and $(objtree)/$(obj)/ point to the
same directory for in-tree building. So, header-test-pattern-y should
be used with care since it can potentially match to stale headers.

Caveat2:
You could use wildcard for header-test-. For example,

  header-test- += asm-generic/%

... will exclude headers in asm-generic directory. Unfortunately, the
wildcard character is '%' instead of '*' here because this is evaluated
by $(filter-out ...) whereas header-test-pattern-y is evaluated by
$(wildcard ...). This is a kludge, but seems useful in some places...

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Tested-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>

header-test-y does not work with headers in sub-directories.

For example, you may want to write a Makefile, like this:

include/linux/Kbuild:

  header-test-y += mtd/nand.h

This entry will create a wrapper include/linux/mtd/nand.hdrtest.c
with the following content:

  #include "mtd/nand.h"

To make this work, we need to add $(srctree)/include/linux to the
header search path. It would be tedious to add ccflags-y.

Instead, we could change the *.hdrtest.c rule to wrap:

  #include "nand.h"

This works for in-tree build since #include "..." searches in the
relative path from the header with this directive. For O=... build,
we need to add $(srctree)/include/linux/mtd to the header search path,
which will be even more tedious.

After all, I thought it would be handier to compile headers directly
without creating wrappers.

I added a new build rule to compile %.h into %.h.s

The target is %.h.s instead of %.h.o because it is slightly faster.
Also, as for GCC, an empty assembly is smaller than an empty object.

I wrote the build rule:

  $(CC) $(c_flags) -S -o $@ -x c /dev/null -include $<

instead of:

  $(CC) $(c_flags) -S -o $@ -x c $<

Both work fine with GCC, but the latter is bad for Clang.

This comes down to the difference in the -Wunused-function policy.
GCC does not warn about unused 'static inline' functions at all.
Clang does not warn about the ones in included headers, but does
about the ones in the source. So, we should handle headers as
headers, not as source files.

In fact, this has been hidden since commit abb2ea7d ("compiler,
clang: suppress warning for unused static inline functions"), but we
should not rely on that.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>
Tested-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>

Sometimes it's useful to be able to explicitly ensure certain headers
remain self-contained, i.e. that they are compilable as standalone
units, by including and/or forward declaring everything they depend on.

Add special target header-test-y where individual Makefiles can add
headers to be tested if CONFIG_HEADER_TEST is enabled. This will
generate a dummy C file per header that gets built as part of extra-y.

Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

In order to have $ref's to schema files within the kernel, we need to
pass the base path of bindings to the schema validation tools.

Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: Michal Marek <michal.lkml@markovi.net>
Cc: devicetree@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>

The 'addtree' and 'flags' in scripts/Kbuild.include are so compilecated
and ugly.

As I mentioned in [1], Kbuild should stop automatic prefixing of header
search path options.

I fixed up (almost) all Makefiles in the kernel. Now 'addtree' and
'flags' have been removed.

Kbuild still caters to add $(srctree)/$(src) and $(objtree)/$(obj)
to the header search path for O= building, but never touches extra
compiler options from ccflags-y etc.

[1]: https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/9632347/



Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

KBUILD_SRC was conventionally used for some different purposes:
 [1] To remember the source tree path
 [2] As a flag to check if sub-make is already done
 [3] As a flag to check if Kbuild runs out of tree

For [1], we do not need to remember it because the top Makefile
can compute it by $(realpath $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))))

[2] has been replaced with self-commenting 'sub_make_done'.

For [3], we can distinguish in-tree/out-of-tree by comparing
$(srctree) and '.'

This commit converts [3] to prepare for the KBUILD_SRC removal.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

scripts/Makefile.build and arch/s390/boot/Makefile use the same
command (thin archiving with symbol table creation).

Avoid the code duplication, and move it to scripts/Makefile.lib.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>