runc v1.2.0-rc.1 -- "There's a frood who really knows where his towel is."

This is the first release candidate for the 1.2.0 branch of runc. It includes
all patches and bugfixes included in runc 1.1 patch releases (up to and
including 1.1.12). A fair few new features have been added, and some changes
have been made which may affect users. Please help us thoroughly test this
release before we release 1.2.0.

runc now requires a minimum of Go 1.20 to compile.

> NOTE: runc currently will not work properly when compiled with Go 1.22 or
> newer. This is due to some unfortunate glibc behaviour that Go 1.22
> exacerbates in a way that results in containers not being able to start on
> some systems. [See this issue for more information.][runc-4233]

Breaking:

 * Several aspects of how mount options work has been adjusted in a way that
   could theoretically break users that have very strange mount option strings.
   This was necessary to fix glaring issues in how mount options were being
   treated. The key changes are:

   - Mount options on bind-mounts that clear a mount flag are now always
     applied. Previously, if a user requested a bind-mount with only clearing
     options (such as `rw,exec,dev`) the options would be ignored and the
     original bind-mount options would be set. Unfortunately this also means
     that container configurations which specified only clearing mount options
     will now actually get what they asked for, which could break existing
     containers (though it seems unlikely that a user who requested a specific
     mount option would consider it "broken" to get the mount options they
     asked foruser who requested a specific mount option would consider it
     "broken" to get the mount options they asked for). This also allows us to
     silently add locked mount flags the user *did not explicitly request to be
     cleared* in rootless mode, allowing for easier use of bind-mounts for
     rootless containers. (#3967)

   - Container configurations using bind-mounts with superblock mount flags
     (i.e. filesystem-specific mount flags, referred to as "data" in
     `mount(2)`, as opposed to VFS generic mount flags like `MS_NODEV`) will
     now return an error. This is because superblock mount flags will also
     affect the host mount (as the superblock is shared when bind-mounting),
     which is obviously not acceptable. Previously, these flags were silently
     ignored so this change simply tells users that runc cannot fulfil their
     request rather than just ignoring it. (#3990)

   If any of these changes cause problems in real-world workloads, please [open
   an issue](https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/issues/new/choose) so we
   can adjust the behaviour to avoid compatibility issues.

Added:

 * runc has been updated to OCI runtime-spec 1.2.0, and supports all Linux
   features with a few minor exceptions. See
   [`docs/spec-conformance.md`](https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/blob/v1.2.0-rc.1/docs/spec-conformance.md)
   for more details.
 * runc now supports id-mapped mounts for bind-mounts (with no restrictions on
   the mapping used for each mount). Other mount types are not currently
   supported. This feature requires `MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP` kernel support (Linux
   5.12 or newer) as well as kernel support for the underlying filesystem used
   for the bind-mount. See [`mount_setattr(2)`][mount_setattr.2] for a list of
   supported filesystems and other restrictions. (#3717, #3985, #3993)
 * Two new mechanisms for reducing the memory usage of our protections against
   [CVE-2019-5736][cve-2019-5736] have been introduced:
   - `runc-dmz` is a minimal binary (~8K) which acts as an additional execve
     stage, allowing us to only need to protect the smaller binary. It should
     be noted that there have been several compatibility issues reported with
     the usage of `runc-dmz` (namely related to capabilities and SELinux). As
     such, this mechanism is **opt-in** and can be enabled by running `runc`
     with the environment variable `RUNC_DMZ=true` (setting this environment
     variable in `config.json` will have no effect). This feature can be
     disabled at build time using the `runc_nodmz` build tag. (#3983, #3987)
   - `contrib/memfd-bind` is a helper daemon which will bind-mount a memfd copy
     of `/usr/bin/runc` on top of `/usr/bin/runc`. This entirely eliminates
     per-container copies of the binary, but requires care to ensure that
     upgrades to runc are handled properly, and requires a long-running daemon
     (unfortunately memfds cannot be bind-mounted directly and thus require a
     daemon to keep them alive). (#3987)
 * runc will now use `cgroup.kill` if available to kill all processes in a
   container (such as when doing `runc kill`). (#3135, #3825)
 * Add support for setting the umask for `runc exec`. (#3661)
 * libct/cg: support `SCHED_IDLE` for runc cgroupfs. (#3377)
 * checkpoint/restore: implement `--manage-cgroups-mode=ignore`. (#3546)
 * seccomp: refactor flags support; add flags to features, set `SPEC_ALLOW` by
   default. (#3588)
 * libct/cg/sd: use systemd v240+ new `MAJOR:*` syntax. (#3843)
 * Support CFS bandwidth burst for CPU. (#3749, #3145)
 * Support time namespaces. (#3876)
 * Reduce the `runc` binary size by ~11% by updating
   `github.com/checkpoint-restore/go-criu`. (#3652)
 * Add `--pidfd-socket` to `runc run` and `runc exec` to allow for management
   processes to receive a pidfd for the new process, allowing them to avoid pid
   reuse attacks. (#4045)

Deprecated:

 * `runc` option `--criu` is now ignored (with a warning), and the option will
   be removed entirely in a future release. Users who need a non-standard
   `criu` binary should rely on the standard way of looking up binaries in
   `$PATH`. (#3316)
 * `runc kill` option `-a` is now deprecated. Previously, it had to be specified
   to kill a container (with SIGKILL) which does not have its own private PID
   namespace (so that runc would send SIGKILL to all processes). Now, this is
   done automatically. (#3864, #3825)
 * `github.com/opencontainers/runc/libcontainer/user` is now deprecated, please
   use `github.com/moby/sys/user` instead. It will be removed in a future
   release. (#4017)

Changed:

 * When Intel RDT feature is not available, its initialization is skipped,
   resulting in slightly faster `runc exec` and `runc run`. (#3306)
 * `runc features` is no longer experimental. (#3861)
 * libcontainer users that create and kill containers from a daemon process
   (so that the container init is a child of that process) must now implement
   a proper child reaper in case a container does not have its own private PID
   namespace, as documented in `container.Signal`. (#3825)
 * Sum `anon` and `file` from `memory.stat` for cgroupv2 root usage,
   as the root does not have `memory.current` for cgroupv2.
   This aligns cgroupv2 root usage more closely with cgroupv1 reporting.
   Additionally, report root swap usage as sum of swap and memory usage,
   aligned with v1 and existing non-root v2 reporting. (#3933)
 * Add `swapOnlyUsage` in `MemoryStats`. This field reports swap-only usage.
   For cgroupv1, `Usage` and `Failcnt` are set by subtracting memory usage
   from memory+swap usage. For cgroupv2, `Usage`, `Limit`, and `MaxUsage`
   are set. (#4010)
 * libcontainer users that create and kill containers from a daemon process
   (so that the container init is a child of that process) must now implement
   a proper child reaper in case a container does not have its own private PID
   namespace, as documented in `container.Signal`. (#3825)
 * libcontainer: `container.Signal` no longer takes an `all` argument. Whether
   or not it is necessary to kill all processes in the container individually
   is now determined automatically. (#3825, #3885)
 * seccomp: enable seccomp binary tree optimization. (#3405)
 * `runc run`/`runc exec`: ignore SIGURG. (#3368)
 * Remove tun/tap from the default device allowlist. (#3468)
 * `runc --root non-existent-dir list` now reports an error for non-existent
   root directory. (#3374)

Fixed:

 * In case the runc binary resides on tmpfs, `runc init` no longer re-execs
   itself twice. (#3342)
 * Our seccomp `-ENOSYS` stub now correctly handles multiplexed syscalls on
   s390 and s390x. This solves the issue where syscalls the host kernel did not
   support would return `-EPERM` despite the existence of the `-ENOSYS` stub
   code (this was due to how s390x does syscall multiplexing). (#3474)
 * Remove tun/tap from the default device rules. (#3468)
 * specconv: avoid mapping "acl" to `MS_POSIXACL`. (#3739)
 * libcontainer: fix private PID namespace detection when killing the
   container. (#3866, #3825)
 * systemd socket notification: fix race where runc exited before systemd
   properly handled the `READY` notification. (#3291, #3293)
 * The `-ENOSYS` seccomp stub is now always generated for the native
   architecture that `runc` is running on. This is needed to work around some
   arguably specification-incompliant behaviour from Docker on architectures
   such as ppc64le, where the allowed architecture list is set to `null`. This
   ensures that we always generate at least one `-ENOSYS` stub for the native
   architecture even with these weird configs. (#4219)

Removed:

 * In order to fix performance issues in the "lightweight" bindfd protection
   against [CVE-2019-5736][cve-2019-5736], the temporary `ro` bind-mount of
   `/proc/self/exe` has been removed. runc now creates a binary copy in all
   cases. See the above notes about `memfd-bind` and `runc-dmz` as well as
   `contrib/cmd/memfd-bind/README.md` for more information about how this
   (minor) change in memory usage can be further reduced. (#3987, #3599, #2532,
   #3931)
 * libct/cg: Remove `EnterPid` (a function with no users). (#3797)
 * libcontainer: Remove `{Pre,Post}MountCmds` which were never used and are
   obsoleted by more generic container hooks. (#3350)

[runc-4233]: https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/issues/4233
[mount_setattr.2]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/mount_setattr.2.html
[cve-2019-5736]: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-gxmr-w5mj-v8hh

Thanks to the following contributors who made this release possible:

 * Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
 * Alban Crequy <albancrequy@microsoft.com>
 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * Alex Jia <ajia@redhat.com>
 * Alexander Eldeib <alexeldeib@gmail.com>
 * Andrey Tsygunka <dreamsider@mail.ru>
 * Austin Vazquez <macedonv@amazon.com>
 * Bjorn Neergaard <bjorn.neergaard@docker.com>
 * Brian Goff <cpuguy83@gmail.com>
 * Chengen, Du <chengen.du@canonical.com>
 * Chethan Suresh <chethan.suresh@sony.com>
 * Christian Happ <Christian.Happ@jumo.net>
 * Cory Snider <csnider@mirantis.com>
 * CrazyMax <crazy-max@users.noreply.github.com>
 * Daniel, Dao Quang Minh <dqminh89@gmail.com>
 * Danish Prakash <grafitykoncept@gmail.com>
 * Davanum Srinivas <davanum@gmail.com>
 * Eng Zer Jun <engzerjun@gmail.com>
 * Eric Ernst <eric_ernst@apple.com>
 * Erik Sjölund <erik.sjolund@gmail.com>
 * Evan Phoenix <evan@phx.io>
 * Francis Laniel <flaniel@linux.microsoft.com>
 * Heran Yang <heran55@126.com>
 * Irwin D'Souza <dsouzai.gh@gmail.com>
 * Jaroslav Jindrak <dzejrou@gmail.com>
 * Jonas Eschenburg <jonas.eschenburg@kuka.com>
 * Jordan Rife <jrife0@gmail.com>
 * Kailun Qin <kailun.qin@intel.com>
 * Kang Chen <kongchen28@gmail.com>
 * Kazuki Hasegawa <nanasi880@gmail.com>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
 * Markus Lehtonen <markus.lehtonen@intel.com>
 * Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
 * Mikko Ylinen <mikko.ylinen@intel.com>
 * Mrunal Patel <mrunalp@gmail.com>
 * Peter Hunt <pehunt@redhat.com>
 * Prajwal S N <prajwalnadig21@gmail.com>
 * Qiang Huang <h.huangqiang@huawei.com>
 * Radostin Stoyanov <rstoyanov@fedoraproject.org>
 * Rodrigo Campos <rodrigoca@microsoft.com>
 * Ruediger Pluem <ruediger.pluem@vodafone.com>
 * Sebastiaan van Stijn <github@gone.nl>
 * Shengjing Zhu <zhsj@debian.org>
 * Sjoerd van Leent <sjoerd.van.leent@alliander.com>
 * SuperQ <superq@gmail.com>
 * TTFISH <jiongchiyu@gmail.com>
 * Tianon Gravi <admwiggin@gmail.com>
 * Vipul Newaskar <vipulnewaskar7@gmail.com>
 * Walt Chen <godsarmycy@gmail.com>
 * Wang-squirrel <117961776+Wang-squirrel@users.noreply.github.com>
 * Wei Fu <fuweid89@gmail.com>
 * Zheao Li <me@manjusaka.me>
 * Zoe <hi@zoe.im>
 * cdoern <cdoern@redhat.com>
 * dharmicksai <dharmicksaik@gmail.com>
 * guodong <guodong9211@gmail.com>
 * hang.jiang <hang.jiang@daocloud.io>
 * lengrongfu <lengrongfu@lengrongfudeMacBook-Pro.local>
 * lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
 * utam0k <k0ma@utam0k.jp>
 * wineway <wangyuweihx@gmail.com>
 * yanggang <gang.yang@daocloud.io>
 * yaozhenxiu <946666800@qq.com>

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

v1.1.12 -- "Now you're thinking with Portals™!"

This is the twelfth patch release in the 1.1.z release branch of runc.
It fixes a high-severity container breakout vulnerability involving
leaked file descriptors, and users are strongly encouraged to update as
soon as possible.

* Fix CVE-2024-21626, a container breakout attack that took advantage of
  a file descriptor that was leaked internally within runc (but never
  leaked to the container process).

  In addition to fixing the leak, several strict hardening measures were
  added to ensure that future internal leaks could not be used to break
  out in this manner again.

  Based on our research, while no other container runtime had a similar
  leak, none had any of the hardening steps we've introduced (and some
  runtimes would not check for any file descriptors that a calling
  process may have leaked to them, allowing for container breakouts due
  to basic user error).

Thanks to all of the contributors who made this release possible:

 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * hang.jiang <hang.jiang@daocloud.io>
 * lfbzhm <lifubang@acmcoder.com>

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

v1.1.11 -- "Happy New Year!"

This is the eleventh patch release in the 1.1.z release branch of runc.
It primarily fixes a few issues with runc's handling of containers that
are configured to join existing user namespaces, as well as improvements
to cgroupv2 support.

* Fix several issues with userns path handling. (#4122, #4124, #4134, #4144)
* Support memory.peak and memory.swap.peak in cgroups v2.
  Add `swapOnlyUsage` in `MemoryStats`. This field reports swap-only usage.
  For cgroupv1, `Usage` and `Failcnt` are set by subtracting memory usage
  from memory+swap usage. For cgroupv2, `Usage`, `Limit`, and `MaxUsage`
  are set. (#4000, #4010, #4131)
* build(deps): bump github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin. (#4140)

Thanks to all of the contributors who made this release possible:

 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * Heran Yang <heran55@126.com>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
 * lfbzhm <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
 * Mrunal Patel <mrunalp@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

v1.1.10 -- "Śruba, przykręcona we śnie, nie zmieni sytuacji, jaka panuje na jawie."

This is the tenth (and most likely final) patch release in the 1.1.z
release branch of runc. It mainly fixes a few issues in cgroups, and a
umask-related issue in tmpcopyup.

+ Add support for `hugetlb.<pagesize>.rsvd` limiting and accounting.
  Fixes the issue of postres failing when hugepage limits are set.
  (#3859, #4077)
* Fixed permissions of a newly created directories to not depend on the value
  of umask in tmpcopyup feature implementation. (#3991, #4060)
* libcontainer: cgroup v1 GetStats now ignores missing `kmem.limit_in_bytes`
  (fixes the compatibility with Linux kernel 6.1+). (#4028)
* Fix a semi-arbitrary cgroup write bug when given a malicious hugetlb
  configuration. This issue is not a security issue because it requires a
  malicious `config.json`, which is outside of our threat model. (#4103)

Thanks to all of the contributors who made this release possible:

 * Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * Jordan Rife <jrife0@gmail.com>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
 * lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
 * Mrunal Patel <mrunalp@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

v1.1.9 -- "There is a crack in everything. That's how the light gets in."

This is the ninth patch release of the 1.1.z release branch of runc.
It fixes a regression introduced in 1.1.8, a bugfix in intelrdt, and
a libcontainer fix to cgroup v2 statistics reporting.

* Added go 1.21 to the CI matrix; other CI updates. (#3976, #3958)
* Fixed losing sticky bit on tmpfs (a regression in 1.1.8). (#3952, #3961)
* intelrdt: fixed ignoring ClosID on some systems. (#3550, #3978)
* Sum `anon` and `file` from `memory.stat` for cgroupv2 root usage,
  as the root does not have `memory.current` for cgroupv2.
  This aligns cgroupv2 root usage more closely with cgroupv1 reporting.
  Additionally, report root swap usage as sum of swap and memory usage,
  aligned with v1 and existing non-root v2 reporting. (#3933)

Thanks to all of the contributors who made this release possible:

 * Akhil Mohan <makhil@vmware.com>
 * Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * Alexander Eldeib <alexeldeib@gmail.com>
 * Cory Snider <csnider@mirantis.com>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
 * lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
 * Mrunal Patel <mrunalp@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

v1.1.8 -- "海纳百川 有容乃大"

This is the eighth patch release of the 1.1.z release branch of runc.
The most notable change is the addition of RISC-V support, along with a
few bug fixes.

+ Support riscv64. (#3905)
* init: do not print environment variable value. (#3879)
* libct: fix a race with systemd removal. (#3877)
* tests/int: increase num retries for oom tests. (#3891)
* man/runc: fixes. (#3892)
* Fix tmpfs mode opts when dir already exists. (#3916)
* docs/systemd: fix a broken link. (#3917)
* ci/cirrus: enable some rootless tests on cs9. (#3918)
* runc delete: call systemd's reset-failed. (#3932)
* libct/cg/sd/v1: do not update non-frozen cgroup after frozen failed. (#3921)
* CI: bump Fedora, Vagrant, bats. (#3878)
* `.codespellrc`: update for 2.2.5. (#3909)

Thanks to all of the contributors who made this release possible:

 * Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * Brian Goff <cpuguy83@gmail.com>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
 * lfbzhm <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
 * Sebastiaan van Stijn <thaJeztah@users.noreply.github.com>
 * Zoe <hi@zoe.im>

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

v1.1.7 -- "Ночевала тучка золотая на груди утеса-великана."

This is the seventh patch release in the 1.1.z release of runc, and is
the last planned release of the 1.1.z series. It contains a fix for
cgroup device rules with systemd when handling device rules for devices
that don't exist (though for devices whose drivers don't correctly
register themselves in the kernel -- such as the NVIDIA devices -- the
full fix only works with systemd v240+).

* When used with systemd v240+, systemd cgroup drivers no longer skip
  `DeviceAllow` rules if the device does not exist (a regression introduced
  in runc 1.1.3). This fix also reverts the workaround added in runc 1.1.5,
  removing an extra warning emitted by runc run/start. (#3845, #3708, #3671)
* The source code now has a new file, `runc.keyring`, which contains the keys
  used to sign runc releases. (#3838)

Thanks to all of the contributors who made this release possible:

 * Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

v1.1.6 -- "In this world nothing is certain but death and taxes."

This is the sixth path release in the 1.1.z series of runc, which fixes
a series of cgroup-related issues.

Note that this release can no longer be built from sources using Go
1.16. Using a latest maintained Go 1.20.x or Go 1.19.x release is
recommended. Go 1.17 can still be used.

* systemd cgroup v1 and v2 drivers were deliberately ignoring `UnitExist` error
  from systemd while trying to create a systemd unit, which in some scenarios
  may result in a container not being added to the proper systemd unit and
  cgroup. (#3780, #3806)
* systemd cgroup v2 driver was incorrectly translating cpuset range from spec's
  `resources.cpu.cpus` to systemd unit property (`AllowedCPUs`) in case of more
  than 8 CPUs, resulting in the wrong AllowedCPUs setting. (#3808)
* systemd cgroup v1 driver was prefixing container's cgroup path with the path
  of PID 1 cgroup, resulting in inability to place PID 1 in a non-root cgroup.
  (#3811)
* runc run/start may return "permission denied" error when starting a rootless
  container when the file to be executed does not have executable bit set for
  the user, not taking the `CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE` capability into account. This is
  a regression in runc 1.1.4, as well as in Go 1.20 and 1.20.1 (#3715, #3817)
* cgroup v1 drivers are now aware of `misc` controller. (#3823)

Thanks to all of the contributors who made this release possible:

 * Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * Chengen, Du <chengen.du@canonical.com>
 * dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
 * Mrunal Patel <mrunalp@gmail.com>
 * Peter Hunt~ <pehunt@redhat.com>
 * Rodrigo Campos <rodrigoca@microsoft.com>

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

v1.1.5 -- "囚われた屈辱は　反撃の嚆矢だ"

This is the fifth patch release in the 1.1.z series of runc, which fixes
three CVEs found in runc.

* CVE-2023-25809 is a vulnerability involving rootless containers where
  (under specific configurations), the container would have write access
  to the /sys/fs/cgroup/user.slice/... cgroup hierarchy. No other
  hierarchies on the host were affected. This vulnerability was
  discovered by Akihiro Suda.
   <https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/security/advisories/GHSA-m8cg-xc2p-r3fc>

* CVE-2023-27561 was a regression which effectively re-introduced
  CVE-2019-19921. This bug was present from v1.0.0-rc95 to v1.1.4. This
  regression was discovered by @Beuc.
   <https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vpvm-3wq2-2wvm>

* CVE-2023-28642 is a variant of the same bug and was fixed by the same
  patch. This variant of the above vulnerability was reported by Lei
  Wang.
   <https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/security/advisories/GHSA-g2j6-57v7-gm8c>

In addition, the following other fixes are included in this release:

* Fix the inability to use `/dev/null` when inside a container. (#3620)
* Fix changing the ownership of host's `/dev/null` caused by fd redirection
  (a regression in 1.1.1). (#3674, #3731)
* Fix rare runc exec/enter unshare error on older kernels, including
  CentOS < 7.7. (#3776)
* nsexec: Check for errors in `write_log()`. (#3721)

Thanks to all of the contributors who made this release possible:

 * Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * Evan Phoenix <evan@phx.io>
 * Jaroslav Jindrak <dzejrou@gmail.com>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
 * Mrunal Patel <mrunal@me.com>
 * Rodrigo Campos <rodrigoca@microsoft.com>
 * Sebastiaan van Stijn <thaJeztah@users.noreply.github.com>
 * Shengjing Zhu <zhsj@debian.org>
 * Tianon Gravi <admwiggin@gmail.com>

[Due to the security-critical nature of this release, it was released
without a direct vote but was agreed to by the required number of
maintainers.]

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

v1.1.4 -- "If you look for perfection, you'll never be content."

This is the fourth patch release in the 1.1.z series of runc, primarily
fixing a regression introduced in 1.1.3 related to device rules. It also
fixes a few other bugs.

* Fix mounting via wrong proc fd. When the user and mount namespaces are
  used, and the bind mount is followed by the cgroup mount in the spec,
  the cgroup was mounted using the bind mount's mount fd. (#3511)
* Switch `kill()` in `libcontainer/nsenter` to `sane_kill()`. (#3536)
* Fix "permission denied" error from `runc run` on `noexec` fs. (#3541)
* Fix failed exec after `systemctl daemon-reload`. Due to a regression
  in v1.1.3, the `DeviceAllow=char-pts rwm` rule was no longer added and
  was causing an error `open /dev/pts/0: operation not permitted:
  unknown` when systemd was reloaded. (#3554)

Thanks to all of the contributors who made this release possible:

 * Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * guodong <guodong9211@gmail.com>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
 * Mrunal Patel <mrunal@me.com>

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

v1.1.3 -- "In the beginning there was nothing, which exploded."

This is the third release of the 1.1.z series of runc, and contains
various minor improvements and bugfixes.

 * Our seccomp `-ENOSYS` stub now correctly handles multiplexed syscalls on
   s390 and s390x. This solves the issue where syscalls the host kernel did not
   support would return `-EPERM` despite the existence of the `-ENOSYS` stub
   code (this was due to how s390x does syscall multiplexing). (#3478)
 * Retry on dbus disconnect logic in libcontainer/cgroups/systemd now works as
   intended; this fix does not affect runc binary itself but is important for
   libcontainer users such as Kubernetes. (#3476)
 * Inability to compile with recent clang due to an issue with duplicate
   constants in libseccomp-golang. (#3477)
 * When using systemd cgroup driver, skip adding device paths that don't exist,
   to stop systemd from emitting warnings about those paths. (#3504)
 * Socket activation was failing when more than 3 sockets were used. (#3494)
 * Various CI fixes. (#3472, #3479)
 * Allow to bind mount /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid to inside container. (#3493)
 * runc static binaries are now linked against libseccomp v2.5.4. (#3481)

Thanks to all of the contributors who made this release possible:

 * Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * CrazyMax <crazy-max@users.noreply.github.com>
 * Erik Sjölund <erik.sjolund@gmail.com>
 * Irwin D'Souza <dsouzai.gh@gmail.com>
 * Kang Chen <kongchen28@gmail.com>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
 * Sebastiaan van Stijn <thaJeztah@users.noreply.github.com>

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

v1.1.2 -- "I should think I’m going to be a perpetual student."

This is the second patch release of the runc 1.1 release branch. It
fixes CVE-2022-29162, a minor security issue (which appears to not be
exploitable) related to process capabilities.

This is a similar bug to the ones found and fixed in Docker and
containerd recently (CVE-2022-24769).

 * A bug was found in runc where runc exec --cap executed processes with
   non-empty inheritable Linux process capabilities, creating an atypical Linux
   environment. For more information, see [GHSA-f3fp-gc8g-vw66][] and
   CVE-2022-29162.
 * `runc spec` no longer sets any inheritable capabilities in the created
   example OCI spec (`config.json`) file.

Thanks to all of the contributors who made this release possible:

* Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
* Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

[GHSA-f3fp-gc8g-vw66]: https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/security/advisories/GHSA-f3fp-gc8g-vw66

v1.1.1 -- "Violence is the last refuge of the incompetent."

This is the first stable release in the 1.1 branch, fixing a few issues
with runc 1.1.0.

Fixed:
* runc run/start can now run a container with read-only /dev in OCI spec,
  rather than error out. (#3355)
* runc exec now ensures that --cgroup argument is a sub-cgroup. (#3403)
* libcontainer systemd v2 manager no longer errors out if one of the files
  listed in /sys/kernel/cgroup/delegate do not exist in container's
  cgroup. (#3387, #3404)
* Loosen OCI spec validation to avoid bogus "Intel RDT is not supported"
  error. (#3406)
* libcontainer/cgroups no longer panics in cgroup v1 managers if stat
  of /sys/fs/cgroup/unified returns an error other than ENOENT. (#3435)

Thanks to all of the contributors who made this release possible:

 * Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
 * lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
 * Markus Lehtonen <markus.lehtonen@intel.com>

Signed-off-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>

v1.1.0 -- "A plan depends as much upon execution as it does upon concept."

This release only contains very minor changes from v1.1.0-rc.1 and is
the first release of the 1.1.y release series of runc.

Changed:
 * libcontainer will now refuse to build without the nsenter package being
   correctly compiled (specifically this requires CGO to be enabled). This
   should avoid folks accidentally creating broken runc binaries (and
   incorrectly importing our internal libraries into their projects). (#3331)

Thanks to the following people who made this release possible:

 * Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

v1.1.0~rc1 -- "He who controls the spice controls the universe."

This release is the first release candidate for the next minor release
following runc 1.0. It contains all of the bugfixes included in runc 1.0
patch releases (up to and including 1.0.3).

A fair few new features have been added, and several features have been
deprecated (with plans for removal in runc 1.2). At the moment we only
plan to do a single release candidate for runc 1.1, and once 1.1.0 is
released we will not continue updating the 1.0.z runc branch.

Deprecated:
 * runc run/start now warns if a new container cgroup is non-empty or frozen;
   this warning will become an error in runc 1.2. (#3132, #3223)
 * runc can only be built with Go 1.16 or later from this release onwards.
   (#3100, #3245)

Removed:
 * `cgroup.GetHugePageSizes` has been removed entirely, and been replaced with
   `cgroup.HugePageSizes` which is more efficient. (#3234)
 * `intelrdt.GetIntelRdtPath` has been removed. Users who were using this
   function to get the intelrdt root should use the new `intelrdt.Root`
   instead. (#2920, #3239)

Added:
 * Add support for RDMA cgroup added in Linux 4.11. (#2883)
 * runc exec now produces exit code of 255 when the exec failed.
   This may help in distinguishing between runc exec failures
   (such as invalid options, non-running container or non-existent
   binary etc.) and failures of the command being executed. (#3073)
 * runc run: new `--keep` option to skip removal exited containers artefacts.
   This might be useful to check the state (e.g. of cgroup controllers) after
   the container hasexited. (#2817, #2825)
 * seccomp: add support for `SCMP_ACT_KILL_PROCESS` and `SCMP_ACT_KILL_THREAD`
   (the latter is just an alias for `SCMP_ACT_KILL`). (#3204)
 * seccomp: add support for `SCMP_ACT_NOTIFY` (seccomp actions). This allows
   users to create sophisticated seccomp filters where syscalls can be
   efficiently emulated by privileged processes on the host. (#2682)
 * checkpoint/restore: add an option (`--lsm-mount-context`) to set
   a different LSM mount context on restore. (#3068)
 * runc releases are now cross-compiled for several architectures. Static
   builds for said architectures will be available for all future releases.
   (#3197)
 * intelrdt: support ClosID parameter. (#2920)
 * runc exec --cgroup: an option to specify a (non-top) in-container cgroup
   to use for the process being executed. (#3040, #3059)
 * cgroup v1 controllers now support hybrid hierarchy (i.e. when on a cgroup v1
   machine a cgroup2 filesystem is mounted to /sys/fs/cgroup/unified, runc
   run/exec now adds the container to the appropriate cgroup under it). (#2087,
   #3059)
 * sysctl: allow slashes in sysctl names, to better match `sysctl(8)`'s
   behaviour. (#3254, #3257)
 * mounts: add support for bind-mounts which are inaccessible after switching
   the user namespace. Note that this does not permit the container any
   additional access to the host filesystem, it simply allows containers to
   have bind-mounts configured for paths the user can access but have
   restrictive access control settings for other users. (#2576)
 * Add support for recursive mount attributes using `mount_setattr(2)`. These
   have the same names as the proposed `mount(8)` options -- just prepend `r`
   to the option name (such as `rro`). (#3272)
 * Add `runc features` subcommand to allow runc users to detect what features
   runc has been built with. This includes critical information such as
   supported mount flags, hook names, and so on. Note that the output of this
   command is subject to change and will not be considered stable until runc
   1.2 at the earliest. The runtime-spec specification for this feature is
   being developed in opencontainers/runtime-spec#1130. (#3296)

Changed:
 * system: improve performance of `/proc/$pid/stat` parsing. (#2696)
 * cgroup2: when `/sys/fs/cgroup` is configured as a read-write mount, change
   the ownership of certain cgroup control files (as per
   `/sys/kernel/cgroup/delegate`) to allow for proper deferral to the container
   process. (#3057)
 * docs: series of improvements to man pages to make them easier to read and
   use. (#3032)

Libcontainer API:
 * internal api: remove internal error types and handling system, switch to Go
   wrapped errors. (#3033)
 * New configs.Cgroup structure fields (#3177):
   * Systemd (whether to use systemd cgroup manager); and
   * Rootless (whether to use rootless cgroups).
 * New cgroups/manager package aiming to simplify cgroup manager instantiation.
   (#3177)
 * All cgroup managers' instantiation methods now initialize cgroup paths and
   can return errors. This allows to use any cgroup manager method (e.g.
   Exists, Destroy, Set, GetStats) right after instantiation, which was not
   possible before (as paths were initialized in Apply only). (#3178)

Fixed:
 * nsenter: do not try to close already-closed fds during container setup and
   bail on close(2) failures. (#3058)
 * runc checkpoint/restore: fixed for containers with an external bind mount
   which destination is a symlink. (#3047).
 * cgroup: improve openat2 handling for cgroup directory handle hardening.
   (#3030)
 * `runc delete -f` now succeeds (rather than timing out) on a paused
   container. (#3134)
 * runc run/start/exec now refuses a frozen cgroup (paused container in case of
   exec). Users can disable this using `--ignore-paused`. (#3132, #3223)
 * config: do not permit null bytes in mount fields. (#3287)

Thanks to the following people who made this release possible:

 * Adrian Reber <areber@redhat.com>
 * Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
 * Alban Crequy <alban@kinvolk.io>
 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * Dave Chen <dave.chen@arm.com>
 * flouthoc <flouthoc.git@gmail.com>
 * Fraser Tweedale <ftweedal@redhat.com>
 * Itamar Holder <iholder@redhat.com>
 * Kailun Qin <kailun.qin@intel.com>
 * Kang Chen <kongchen28@gmail.com>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
 * lifubang <lifubang@acmcoder.com>
 * Liu Hua <weldonliu@tencent.com>
 * Maksim An <maksiman@microsoft.com>
 * Markus Lehtonen <markus.lehtonen@intel.com>
 * Mauricio Vásquez <mauricio@kinvolk.io>
 * Mengjiao Liu <mengjiao.liu@daocloud.io>
 * Mrunal Patel <mrunal@me.com>
 * Neil Johnson <najohnsn@gmail.com>
 * Odin Ugedal <odin@uged.al>
 * Piotr Resztak <piotr.resztak@gmail.com>
 * Qiang Huang <h.huangqiang@huawei.com>
 * Rodrigo Campos <rodrigo@kinvolk.io>
 * Sascha Grunert <sgrunert@redhat.com>
 * Sebastiaan van Stijn <github@gone.nl>
 * Shengjing Zhu <zhsj@debian.org>
 * xiadanni <xiadanni1@huawei.com>

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

v1.0.3 -- "If you were waiting for the opportune moment, that was it."

This is the third stable release in the 1.0 branch, fixing a handful of medium
priority issues related to mounts and cgroups, as well as a potential security
vulnerability.

This release is expected to be the last point release in the 1.0 branch, as we
are planning to release runc 1.1 in the near future.

Security:
 * A potential vulnerability was discovered in runc (related to an internal
   usage of netlink), however upon further investigation we discovered that
   while this bug was exploitable on the master branch of runc, no released
   version of runc could be exploited using this bug. The exploit required
   being able to create a netlink attribute with a length that would overflow a
   uint16 but this was not possible in any released version of runc. For more
   information see GHSA-v95c-p5hm-xq8f and CVE-2021-43784.

   Due to an abundance of caution we decided to do an emergency release with
   this fix, but to reiterate *we do not believe this vulnerability was
   possible to exploit*. Thanks to Felix Wilhelm from Google Project Zero for
   discovering and reporting this vulnerability so quickly.

Bugfixes:
 * Fixed inability to start a container with read-write bind mount of a
   read-only fuse host mount (#3292)
 * Fixed inability to start when read-only /dev in set in spec (#3277)
 * Fixed not removing sub-cgroups upon container delete, when rootless cgroup v2
   is used with older systemd (#3297)
 * Fixed returning error from GetStats when hugetlb is unsupported (which causes
   excessive logging for kubernetes) (#3295)
 * [CI only] Fixed criu 3.16 compatibility issue (#3282)
 * [CI only] Add Go 1.17 to the testing matrix (#3299)

Enhancements:
 * Improved an error message when dbus-user-session is not installed and
   rootless + cgroup2 + systemd are used (#3212)

Thanks to all of the contributors who made this release possible:

 * Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * Kailun Qin <kailun.qin@intel.com>
 * Kang Chen <kongchen28@gmail.com>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
 * Odin Ugedal <odin@uged.al>
 * Sebastiaan van Stijn <thaJeztah@users.noreply.github.com>

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

v1.0.2 -- "Given the right lever, you can move a planet."

This is a second stable release in 1.0 branch, fixing a few medium and
high priority issues, including one that affects Kubernetes' usage of
runc's libcontainer.

Bugfixes:

 * Fixed a failure to set CPU quota period in some cases on cgroup v1. (#3115)
 * Fixed the inability to start a container with the "adding seccomp filter
   rule for syscall ..." error, caused by redundant seccomp rules (i.e. those
   that has action equal to the default one). Such redundant rules are now
   skipped. (#3129)
 * Made release builds reproducible from now on. (#3142)
 * Fixed a rare debug log race in runc init, which can result in occasional
   harmful "failed to decode ..." errors from runc run or exec. (#3130)
 * Fixed the check in cgroup v1 systemd manager if a container needs to be
   frozen before Set, and add a setting to skip such freeze unconditionally.
   The previous fix for that issue, done in  runc 1.0.1, was not working.
   (#3167)

Thanks to all of the contributors who made this release possible:

 * Adrian Reber <areber@redhat.com>
 * Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
 * Mrunal Patel <mrunal@me.com>
 * Odin Ugedal <odin@uged.al>

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

v1.0.1 -- "If in doubt, Meriadoc, always follow your nose."

This is the first stable release in the 1.0 branch, fixing a few medium
and high priority issues with runc 1.0.0, including a few that affect
Kubernetes' usage of libcontainer.

Bugfixes:
 * Fixed occasional runc exec/run failure ("interrupted system call") on an
   Azure volume. (#3074)
 * Fixed "unable to find groups ... token too long" error with /etc/group
   containing lines longer than 64K characters. (#3079)
 * cgroup/systemd/v1: fix leaving cgroup frozen after Set if a parent cgroup is
   frozen.  This is a regression in 1.0.0, not affecting runc itself but some
   of libcontainer users (e.g Kubernetes). (#3085)
 * cgroupv2: bpf: Ignore inaccessible existing programs in case of
   permission error when handling replacement of existing bpf cgroup
   programs. This fixes a regression in 1.0.0, where some SELinux
   policies would block runc from being able to run entirely. (#3087)
 * cgroup/systemd/v2: don't freeze cgroup on Set. (#3092)
 * cgroup/systemd/v1: avoid unnecessary freeze on Set. (#3093)

Thanks to all of the contributors who made this release possible:

 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
 * Maksim An <maksiman@microsoft.com>
 * Mrunal Patel <mrunal@me.com>
 * Odin Ugedal <odin@uged.al>

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

v1.0.0 -- "A wizard is never late, nor is he early, he arrives precisely when he means to."

This release fixes a few bugs found (almost all related to cgroupv2
handling), and is the first non-rc release of runc in 5 years
(v1.0.0-rc1 was released in 2016). It's been a very long road, and we
thank the many contributors and maintainers that helped us get to this
point (approximately 422 people in total).

As runc follows Semantic Versioning, we will endeavor to not make any
breaking changes without bumping the major version number of runc.

However, it should be noted that Go API usage of runc's internal
implementation (libcontainer) is *not* covered by this policy -- for
historical reasons, this code was not moved into an "internal" package
(this feature did not exist in Go at the time) and because certain
projects currently depend on this, we have not yet moved this code into
an internal package. Despite this, we reserve the right to make breaking
changes in our Go APIs (though we will note such changes in our
changelog, and will try to avoid needless disruption if possible).

Breaking changes:

 * Removed libcontainer/configs.Device* identifiers (deprecated since rc94,
   use libcontainer/devices) (#2999)
 * Removed libcontainer/system.RunningInUserNS function (deprecated since
   rc94, use libcontainer/userns) (#2999)

Deprecations:

 * The usage of relative paths for mountpoints will now produce a warning
   (such configurations are outside of the spec, and in future runc will
   produce an error when given such configurations). (#2917, #3004)

Bugfixes:

 * cgroupv2: devices: rework the filter generation to produce consistent
   results with cgroupv1, and always clobber any existing eBPF
   program(s) to fix `runc update` and avoid leaking eBPF programs
   (resulting in errors when managing containers).  (#2951)
 * cgroupv2: correctly convert "number of IOs" statistics in a
   cgroupv1-compatible way. (#2965, #2967, #2968, #2964)
 * cgroupv2: support larger than 32-bit IO statistics on 32-bit architectures.
 * cgroupv2: wait for freeze to finish before returning from the freezing
   code, optimize the method for checking whether a cgroup is frozen. (#2955)
 * cgroups/systemd: fixed "retry on dbus disconnect" logic introduced in rc94
 * cgroups/systemd: fixed returning "unit already exists" error from a systemd
   cgroup manager (regression in rc94) (#2997, #2996)

Improvements:

 * cgroupv2: support SkipDevices with systemd driver (#2958, #3019)
 * cgroup/systemd: return, not ignore, stop unit error from Destroy (#2946)
 * Fix all golangci-lint failures. (#2781, #2962)
 * Make "runc --version" output sane even when built with `go get` or
   otherwise outside of our build scripts. (#2962)
 * cgroups: set SkipDevices during runc update (so we don't modify
   cgroups at all during `runc update`). (#2994)
 * cgroup1: blkio: support BFQ weights. (#3010)
 * cgroupv2: set per-device io weights if BFQ IO scheduler is available.
   (#3022)

Thanks to the following people who made this release possible:

 * Adrian Reber <areber@redhat.com>
 * Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * Antti Kervinen <antti.kervinen@intel.com>
 * Daniel, Dao Quang Minh <dqminh89@gmail.com>
 * Enrico Weigelt <info@metux.net>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
 * Michael Crosby <michael@thepasture.io>
 * Mrunal Patel <mrunal@me.com>
 * Peter Hunt <pehunt@redhat.com>
 * Qiang Huang <h.huangqiang@huawei.com>
 * Sebastiaan van Stijn <github@gone.nl>
 * Shiming Zhang <wzshiming@foxmail.com>
 * Yashpal Choudhary <yashpal.c1995@gmail.com>

Vote: +5 -0 %2
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

v1.0.0-rc95 -- "Just when I thought I was out, they pull me back in."

This release of runc contains a fix for CVE-2021-30465[1], and users are
strongly recommended to update (especially if you are providing
semi-limited access to spawn containers to untrusted users).

Aside from this security fix, only a few other changes were made since
v1.0.0-rc94 (the only user-visible change was the addition of support
for defaultErrnoRet in seccomp profiles).

Thanks to the following people who made this release possible:

 * Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
 * Giuseppe Scrivano <gscrivan@redhat.com>
 * Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com>
 * Mrunal Patel <mrunal@me.com>

Due to the nature of this release, it didn't go through the normal
public release procedure. However, this break from procedure was agreed
upon on the security mailing list.

[1]: https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/security/advisories/GHSA-c3xm-pvg7-gh7r

Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>