Extract szad size quantization into {extent,run}_quantize(), and .
quantize szad run sizes to the union of valid small region run sizes and
large run sizes.

Refactor iteration in arena_run_first_fit() to use
run_quantize{,_first,_next(), and add support for padded large runs.

For large allocations that have no specified alignment constraints,
compute a pseudo-random offset from the beginning of the first backing
page that is a multiple of the cache line size.  Under typical
configurations with 4-KiB pages and 64-byte cache lines this results in
a uniform distribution among 64 page boundary offsets.

Add the --disable-cache-oblivious option, primarily intended for
performance testing.

This resolves #13.

Bug: 21326736
(cherry picked from commit 57c788a2)

Change-Id: Ia3ed37bc0eee9c866860f3608c30f44657f94f4c